“AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES IN DIRGE WITHOUT MUSIC POEM BY EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY ”
“AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AND
INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES IN DIRGE WITHOUT
MUSIC POEM BY EDNA
ST. VINCENT MILLAY
”
Lecturer : Rukminingsih, M.Pd
Created By :
1.
Desty
Diah Murti (157043)
2.
Nur
Lailtul Zahroh (157037)
SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN ILMU
PENDIDIKAN
PERSATUAN GURU REPUBLIK INDONESIA
JOMBANG
2018
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
of Study
Language is an essential communication tool for human
life. Therefore, we must be able to master
the language and its elements such as vocabulary, structure, and so forth. The
language itself consists of two aspects namely form and meaning. In
relation to meaning, the smallest meaningful unit in language is morpheme.
Morpheme is defined
as the smallest meaningful unit of a language (Lim
Kiat Boey, 1975:37). Words are made up of morphemes. The morphemes which can
meaningfully stand alone are called free morphemes while the morphemes such as –er
and –s, which cannot meaningfully stand alone are called bound morphemes. Bound morphemes must be attached to free morphemes.
Bound morphemes are also called affixes which
can be classified into prefix, infix, and suffix. English only has two kinds of
bound morphemes namely prefixes and suffixes. Bound morphemes are classified into
two namely derivational and inflectional morphemes. The differences between derivational
and inflectional morphology are somewhat ambiguous to explain in some languages.
This is
also what Bybee
(1985:81) stated in
his book, “One
of the most
persistent undefinables in
morphology is the
distinction between derivational
and inflectional morphology”. It
is said so since both deal with morphemes that are usually affixes, either
prefixes or suffixes.
As mentioned above, bound morphemes consist of
inflectional and derivational
morphemes. Inflectional morphemes
are those which
do not create new meaning. These morphemes never
change the syntactic category of
the words or morphemes to
which they are
attached (Bauer, 1988:12). This research
aims to describe
the actual derivational and
inflectional morpheme in
the Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St. Vincent Millay.
The authors interested
to investigate more
deeply about the derivational
and inflectional in Dirge Without Music Poem
By Edna St.
Vincent Millay.
Considering the explanation above, the researcher is
interested in analyzing the form of the word derivational and inflectional morpheme
further than poem by and
record it as a study titled “An
Analysis of Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes in Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St. Vincent Millay”
B.
Research
Problem
Based on the background and identification above,
the writers state the following states :
1. How
are derivational and inflectional morphemes processed in Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St. Vincent Millay?
2. What
are the meaning of derivational and inflectional morphemes found in Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St.
Vincent Millay?
C.
Purposes
of The Study
In the relation to the problem statement above, the
writer formulate the following purposes :
1. Describing
derivational and inflectional morphemes processed in Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St. Vincent Millay.
2. Describing
the meaning of derivational and inflectional morphemes found in Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St.
Vincent Millay.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A.
Theory
of Morphemes
Word such as
text, cat and
quick each convey a single, quite
meaning. The other words likes
someone, textbook and
however consist of two
units of meaning,
these may occur independently (some
and one, text
and book, how and
ever). Besides, cats
and quickly also consist of two units (cat and –s, quick
and – ly), but these word
only have one
meaning and can be
used independently. It
is clear that
words do not always
constitute the smallest
meaningful units in a
language. The smaller
parts are called morphemes. It
insistence that the
sequence be minimal ensures
that the morpheme
cannot be divided into
smaller units to
which the some definition would
apply (Martin Atkinson
and Friends, 1982:127).
B.
Derrivational
Morphemes
In morphology,
derivation is the process of creating a new word
out of an old word, usually by adding a prefix
or a suffix.
We can make a further distinction within the set of bound morphemes in English.
One type of bound morphemes consists of derivational morphemes that are used to create new words
or to “make words of a different grammatical class from the stem” (Yule, 2010,
p. 69). For example, the addition of the derivational morpheme -ize changes the adjective normal to the
verb normalize. Similarly, we can derive the adjectives helpful and helpless by
adding the derivational morphemes -ful and less to the noun help.
C.
Inflectional
Morphemes
Linguist Geert Booij notes that one criterion for distinguishing
derivation and inflection
"is that derivation may feed inflection, but not vice versa. Derivation
applies to the stem-forms
of words, without their inflectional endings, and creates new, more complex
stems to which inflectional rules can be applied" (The Grammar of
Words, 2005). Inflectional morphemes are those which do not create new
meaning. These morphemes never change
the syntactic category of the words or morphemes to which they are attached
(Bauer,1988:12). They only refine and give extra grammatical information about the already existing
meaning of words which they are attached to.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A.
Research
Design
This research used a descriptive qualitative because
is descriptive qualitative research. Moleong
(1983:3) states that qualitative research is a type of research visited results in descriptive data in the forms of written or oral
from observing people the behavior. In
descriptive research, there are many steps of qualitative research.
There are selecting topics for the study by reading the Morpheme and applied
its in Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St.
Vincent Millay.
B.
Source
of Data and Data
The data of this study is taken from Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St.
Vincent Millay.
C.
Instruments
In
this research, the instrument that used is documentation.
D.
Data
Collection
In
collecting the data, the researcher uses descriptive technique as follow :
1. Read
the Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St.
Vincent Millay.
2. Take
some sentences to be analyzed.
3. Coding
and analyzing sentences.
E.
Analysis
of Data
The
researcher write analyzed sentences by doing this steps :
1. Writing
the choosen sentences of the poem.
2. Analyzing
each sentence.
3. Concluding
the derivational and inflectional morphemes of the sentence in Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St.
Vincent Millay.
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
The writer presents reseach findings are
as follows. The writer also encloses one table as the additional explanation of
this research findings.
1.
Derivational
and Inflectional Morphemes
There
are two kinds of derivational morphemes and
inflectional morpheme found in Dirge
Without Music Poem By Edna St. Vincent Millay.
They are derivational prefix, derivational suffix and inflectional morpheme. They
are presented in the following table :
Table
1
Kinds
of Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes
|
No.
|
Form of Morpheme
|
Amount
|
Word (s)
|
Percentage (%)
|
|
1.
|
Derivational
|
6
|
Intelligent
|
40%
|
|
Indiscriminate
|
||||
|
Laughter
|
||||
|
Tender
|
||||
|
Darkness
(2)
|
||||
|
2.
|
Inflectional
|
7
|
Resigned
(3)
|
60%
|
|
Shutting
|
||||
|
Remains
|
||||
|
Answers
|
||||
|
Roses
|
||||
|
Total
|
13
|
|
100%
|
|
Based
on the table above, the result of the kinds of derivational and inflectional morpheme
is that are six words belonging to
derivational (40%), and seven words belonging inflectional (60%). So, the total
of the words of data which include in derivational and inflectional morpheme
found in
Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St.
Vincent Millay are the thirteen words of data (100%).
2.
The
Meaning of Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes
The meaning
of derivational morphemes
are bound morphemes
which derive (create) new
words by either
changing the meaning
or the part of speech or both. Whereas, inflectional
morphemes never change the syntactic category of the words or morphemes to
which they are attached. The example of derivational prefix and derivational
suffix from the sentence analyzed :
Table
2
The
Meaning of Derivational
A. Derivational Prefix
|
Prefix
|
Meaning
|
Word (s)
|
|
In-
|
Change
the Meaning
(Contrary)
|
In-discriminate
|
B. Derivational Suffixes
|
Suffix
|
Meaning
|
Word (s)
|
|
-er
|
Change
the level of Word
(Does
of)
|
Tender
|
|
Laughter
|
||
|
-ness
|
Change
the level of Word
(State
of being)
|
Darkness
|
|
-ly
|
Change
the level of Word
(Means
of complete something)
|
Lovely
|
Table
3
The
Meaning of Inflectional
A. Verbal Inflectional Suffixes
|
Suffix
|
Meaning
|
Word (s)
|
|
-ed
|
Past
Tense
|
Resigned
|
|
-ing
|
Progressive
Aspect
(Denoting
action in progress)
|
Shutting
|
|
-s
|
3rd
person, singular, present
|
Answers
|
B. Noun Inflectional Suffixes
|
Suffix
|
Meaning
|
Word (s)
|
|
-s
|
Noun
Plural Matter
|
Remains
|
|
Roses
|
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
There
are two kinds of Morphology from thirteen data found in Dirge Without Music Poem By Edna St. Vincent Millay.
They are
Derivational and
Inflectional morpheme, in data found Dirge
Without Music Poem By Edna St. Vincent Millay
derivational morpheme consist of derivational (6 words/40%), and inflectional morpheme
(7 words/60%). The research found some function of derivational and inflectional
English morphemes as state of being, as contrary meaning, as noun, as adjective,
as verb, as
adverb, plural mark and past form.
The
meaning of derivational and inflectional morpheme are bound morphemes which
derive (create) new words by either changing the meaning or the part of speech
or both. Whereas, inflectional morphemes never change the syntactic category of
the words or morphemes to which they are attached.
REFERENCES
Endang, N. (2014). The Analysis Of Derivational And Inflectional Morphemes In Lyric Of
Songs Adele Albums, 4-8 Retrieved
from http://eprints.ums.ac.id/32779/
Tito, M. (2018). Contoh Morpheme; Free Morpheme,
Bound Morpheme, Lexical, Functional, Inflectional, Derivational, Stem dan 0
Morpheme Lengkap kap. Retrieved from http://www.bahasainggrismania.com/2017/10/contoh-morpheme-free-morpheme-bound.html
Anymous. (n.d). How Derivation is Used in Grammar. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/derivation-words-term-1690438
Anymous. (2018). Music Poems - Poems For Music - Dirge Without Music. Retrieved from
https://www.poemhunter.com/poems/music/page-1/156609/
Dirge Without Music
Poem by Edna St. Vincent Millay
I am not
resigned to the shutting away of loving hearts in the hard ground.
So it is, and so it will be, for so it has been, time out of mind:
Into the darkness they go, the wise and the lovely. Crowned
With lilies and with laurel they go; but I am not resigned.
Lovers and thinkers, into the earth with you.
Be one with the dull, the indiscriminate dust.
A fragment of what you felt, of what you knew,
A formula, a phrase remains,—but the best is lost.
The answers quick and keen, the honest look, the laughter, the
love,—
They are gone. They are gone to feed the roses. Elegant and curled
Is the blossom. Fragrant is the blossom. I know. But I do not
approve.
More precious was the light in your eyes than all the roses in the
world.
Down, down, down into the darkness of the grave
Gently they go, the beautiful, the tender, the kind;
Quietly they go, the intelligent, the witty, the brave.
I know. But I do not approve. And I am not resigned.
So it is, and so it will be, for so it has been, time out of mind:
Into the darkness they go, the wise and the lovely. Crowned
With lilies and with laurel they go; but I am not resigned.
Lovers and thinkers, into the earth with you.
Be one with the dull, the indiscriminate dust.
A fragment of what you felt, of what you knew,
A formula, a phrase remains,—but the best is lost.
The answers quick and keen, the honest look, the laughter, the
love,—
They are gone. They are gone to feed the roses. Elegant and curled
Is the blossom. Fragrant is the blossom. I know. But I do not
approve.
More precious was the light in your eyes than all the roses in the
world.
Down, down, down into the darkness of the grave
Gently they go, the beautiful, the tender, the kind;
Quietly they go, the intelligent, the witty, the brave.
I know. But I do not approve. And I am not resigned.
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